Financial glossary
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A - C D - N O - Z

Depreciation :
An expense recorded in a company's accounts to reduce the value of a capital asset, reflecting its actual loss of value over time.

Dividend :
The portion of a company's earnings distributed to shareholders, as approved by the Annual Meeting.

Goodwill :
The excess of the purchase price paid for a company over the fair market value of that company's net tangible assets. The purchasing company amortizes goodwill out of its after-tax income. If the acquisition price is lower than the value of the net tangible assets, the difference is referred to as negative goodwill or badwill.

Liabilities :
All the debts, funds and other commitments owed by a company.

Loans outstanding :
Total amount of a company's loans remaining to be repaid.

Market capitalization :
The market value of a company, as calculated by multiplying the number of outstanding shares by the price per share. Market value fluctuates daily with the share price. It represents the price that would have to be paid to acquire 100% of the company's capital.

Net financial position :
A company's total debt less cash and cash equivalents (bank balances, short-term investments, short-term loans). If the balance is negative (i.e. debt exceeds cash and cash equivalents), the company is said to have net debt.

Net income :
A company's earnings after operating, interest and extraordinary expenses, as well as corporate income tax.